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Vitamin KMuch of the compound comes into our bodies from dietary sources, but there is also bacteria that resides in the intestines which are able to make it. Interestingly from anti aging perspective, some studies have suggested that the compound may inhibit the growth of certain cancerous bone marrow cells, specifically, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. However, much more research is needed to assess if the use of the compound (in its specific synthetic form used in research) is safe for people with CML. Vitamin K - StudiesBehrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 16th ed. Philadelphia, PA:WB Saunders Co. 2000:188, 526-527, 1164. Bell RG, Sadowski JA, Matschiner JT. Mechanism of action of warfarin. Warfarin and metabolism of vitamin K1. Biochem. 1972;11:1959-1961. Berkow R, Fletcher AJ eds. Vitamin K. In The Merck Manual. 16th ed. Rahway, N.J.: Merck & Co., Inc.1992:966-968. Booth SL, Centurelli MA. Vitamin K: a practical guide to the dietary management of patients on warfarin. Nutr Rev. 1999;57(9 Pt 1):288-293. Booth SL, Charnley JM, Sadowski JA, Saltzman E, Bovill EG, Cushman M. Dietary vitamin K1 and stability of oral anticoagulation: proposal of a diet with constant vitamin K1 content. Thromb Haemost. 1997;77(3):504-509. Breen GA, St. Peter WL. Hypoprothrombinemia associated with cefmetazole. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31(2):180-184. Crowther MA, Julian J, McCarty D, et al. Treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy with oral vitamin K: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2000;356(9241):1551-1553. Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. 1998:739, 741, 1450, 1708. Feskanich D, Weber P, Willett WC, Rockett H, Booth SL, Colditz GA. Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in women: a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:74–79. Harrell CC, Kline SS. Vitamin K—supplemented snacks containing olestra: implication for patients taking warfarin [letter]. JAMA. 1999;282(12):1133-1134. Hathcock, JN. Metabolic mechanisms of drug-nutrient interactions. Fed Proc. 1985;44(1):124-129. Hey E. Effect of maternal anticonvulsant treatment on neonatal blood coagulation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999;81(3):F208-210. Huilgol VR, Markus SL, Vakil NB. Antibiotic-induced iatrogenic hemobilia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92(4):706-707. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001. Accessed on February 25, 2002 at http://www4.nas.edu/IOM/IOMHome.nsf Iwamoto I, Kosha S, Noguchi S, Murakami M, Fujino T, Douchi T, et al. A longitudinal study of the effect of vitamin K2 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a comparative study with vitamin D3 and estrogen-progestin therapy. Maturitas. 1999;31(2):161-164.
Jenkins ME, Gottschlich MM, Kopcha R, Khoury J, Warden GD. A prospective analysis of serum vitamin K in severely burned pediatric patients. J Burn Care Rehabil.1998;19(1 Pt 1):75-81; discussion 73-74. Keith DA, Gundberg CM, Japour A, et al. Vitamin-K dependent proteins and anticonvulsant medication. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983;34(4):529-532. Knodel LC, Talbert RL. Adverse effects of hypolipidaemic drugs. Med Toxicol. 1987;2(1):10-32. Kohlmeier M, Saupe J, Shearer MJ, Schaefer K, Asmus G. Bone health of adult hemodialysis patients is related to vitamin K status. Kidney Int. 1997;51:1218–1221. Koonsvitsky BP, Berry DA, Jones MB, et al. Olestra affects serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids but not vitamin D or vitamin K status in free-living subjects. J Nutr. 1997;127(8 Suppl):1636S-1645S. Krummel D, Kris-Etherton P. Nutrition in Women's Health. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers; 1996:434–435. Lubetsky A, Dekel-Stern E, Chetrit A, Lubin F, Halkin H. Vitamin K intake and sensitivity to warfarin in patients consuming regular diets. Thromb Haemost. 1999;8:396–399. Matsui MS, Rozovski, SJ. Drug-nutrient interaction. Clin Ther. 1982;4(6):423-440. Nulman I, Laslo D, Koren G. Treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy. Drugs. 1999;57(4):535-544. Published erratum appears in Drugs. 1999;57(6):870. Nutrients and Nutritional Agents. In: Kastrup EK, Hines Burnham T, Short RM, et al, eds. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, Mo: Facts and Comparisons; 2000. Ong T, Whong WZ, Stewart J, and Brockman HE. Chlorophyllin: a potent antimutagen against environmental and dietary complex mixtures. Mutation Research. 1986;173:111-115. Parekh H, Chavan S, Advani S, Chitnis M. Single and combination treatment with vitamin K3 and adriamycin: in vitro effects on cell survival and DNA damage in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Sel Cancer Ther. 1991;7(3):127-135. Prince DM, Welshenbach MA. Olestra: a new food additive. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98(5):565-569. Rashid M, Durie P, Andrew M, et al. Prevalence of vitamin K deficiency in cystic fibrosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(3):378-382. Schlagheck TG, Riccardi KA, Zorich NL, Torri SA, Dugan LD, Peters JC. Olestra dose response on fat-soluble and water-soluble nutrients in humans. J Nutr. 1997;127(8 Suppl):1646S-1665S. Segel GB. Enzymatic defects: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and related deficiencies. In Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 16th ed. Philadelphia, PA:WB Saunders Co; 2000:1489-1491. Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross CA, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. New York, NY: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999. Shiraki M, Shiraki Y, Aoki C, Miura M. Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) effectively prevents fractures and sustains lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15(3):515-523. Suzuki K, Fukushima T, Meguro K, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage in an infant owing to vitamin K deficiency despite prophylaxis. Childs Nerv Syst. 1999;15(6-7):292-294. Tamatani M, Morimoto S, Nakajima M, et al. Decreased circulating levels of vitamin K and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in osteopenic elderly men. Metabolism. 1998;47:195–199. Thornquist MD, Kristal AR, Patterson RE, et al. Olestra consumption does not predict serum concentrations of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in free-living humans: early results from the sentinel site of the olestra post-marketing surveillance study. J Nutr. 2000;130(7):1711-1718. Weber P. The role of vitamins in the prevention of osteoporosis--a brief status report. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1999;69(3):194-197. Weibert RT, Le DT, Kayser SR, et al. Correction of excessive anticoagulation with low-dose oral vitamin K1. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126(12):959-962. Wilson DC, Rashid M, Durie PR, et al. Treatment of vitamin K deficiency in cystic fibrosis: effectiveness of a daily fat-soluble vitamin combination. J Pediatr. 2001;138(6):851-855.
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