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Shark CartilageThe usage of the cartilage dates to 1950s, but only recent research has suggested that some of the effectiveness of the extract is due to two components of cartilage, glucosamine and chondroitin. These two components have, in research studies, been shown to decrease cartilage pain, improve range of motion, reduce swelling, and slow the progression of osteoarthritis. The extract has also been widely associated with cancer preventitive abilities, but no actual scientific research backs up this assumption so far. Shark Cartilage - StudiesCassileth BR. The Alternative Medicine Handbook. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company; 1998. Cremer MA, Rosloniec EF, Kang AH. The cartilage collagens: A review of their structure, organization, and role in the pathogenesis of experimental arthritis in animals and in human rheumatic disease. J Mol Med. 1998;76:275-288. da Camara CC, Dowless GV. Glucosamine sulfate for osteoarthritis. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32:580-587. Das A, Hammad TA. Combination of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000;8(5):343-350. Deal CL, Moskowitz RW. Nutraceuticals as therapeutic agents in osteoarthritis: the role of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and collagen hydrolysate. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1999;25(2):379-395. Delafuente JC. Glucosamine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26(1):1-11. Dupont E, Savard PE, Jourdain C, et al. Antiangiogenic properties of a novel shark cartilage extract: potential role in the treatment of psoriasis. J Cutan Med Surg. 1998;2:146–152. Ernst E. A primer of complementary and alternative medicine commonly used by cancer patients. Med J Aust. 2001;174:88-92. Ernst E, Cassileth BR. How useful are unconventional cancer treatments? Eur J Can. 1999;35(11):1608-1613. Federal Trade Commission. "Operation Cure.all" nets shark cartilage promoters: two companies charged with making false and unsubstantiated claims for their shark cartilage and skin cream as cancer treatments. June 29, 2000. Accessed at http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2000/06/lanelabs.htm on April 4, 2002. Fontenele JB, Araujo GB, de Alencar JW, Viana GS. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of shark cartilage are due to a peptide molecule and are nitric oxide (NO) system dependent. Biol Pharm Bull. 1997;20(11):1151-1154. Food and Drug Administration. FDA takes action against firm marketing unapproved drugs [FDA Talk Paper]. December 10, 1999. Accessed at: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00988.html on January 29, 2002. Gonzalez RP, Leyva A, Moraes MO. Shark cartilage as a source of antiangiogenic compounds: from basic to clinical research. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2001;24(10):1097-1101. Gottlieb MS. Conservative management of spinal osteoarthritis with glucosamine sulfate and chiropractic treatment. [Review]. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20(6):400-414. Horsman MR, Alsner J, Overgaard J. The effect of shark cartilage extracts on the growth and metastatic spread of the SCCVII carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 1998;37:441–445. Leeb BF, Schweitzer KM, Smolen JS. A metaanalysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000;27(1):205-211. Matsumoto T, Tsurumoto T. Serum YKL-40 levels in rheumatoid arthritis: correlations between clinical and laboratory parameters. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19(6):655-660. McAlindon T. Glucosamine for osteoarthritis: dawn of a new era? Lancet. 2001;357:247. McAlindon TE, LaValley MP, Gulin JP, Felson DT. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2000;283(11):1469-1475. Miller DR, Anderson GT, Stark JJ, Granick JL, Richardson D. Phase I/II trial of the safety and efficacy of shark cartilage in the treatment of advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:3649–3655. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2001;357:251-256. Romano CF, Lipton A, Harvey HA, Simmonds MA, Romano PJ, Imboden SL. A phase II study of Catrix-S in solid tumors. J Biol Response Mod. 1985;4:585–589. Sheu JR, Fu CC, Tsai Ml, Chung WJ. Effect of U-995, a potent shark cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitor, on anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activities. Anticancer Res. 1998;18:4435–4441. Towheed TE, Anastassiades TP. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treating symptoms of osteoarthritis: evidence is widely touted but incomplete. JAMA. 2000;283(11);1483-1484.
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