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Green Tea

Green tea has been used in alternative medicine for over 1000 years.

Green Tea has been gaining a new boost on its medicinal qualities since a 2006 study published in the September 13 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association that shows that adults who consumed three or more cups of green tea per day had a lower risk of death due to cardiovascular disease.

Also, a 2006 study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Vol. 83, pp 355-361) showed that elderly people who drank more than 2 cups of green tea a day had a 50 percent lower chance of having cognitive impairment than those who drank less or who consumed other tested beverages.

One of the reasons for these positive, anti aging effects of green tea are thought to be because of the high amount of catechins (antioxidant flavonoids) found in green tea.

More closely, green tea is loaded with the compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), a powerful anti-oxidant.

In addition to the overall life extension qualities suggested by the research, a study in which people who took green tea extract three times a day saw their metabolic rate increase by about 4 percent, leading to faster potential weight loss.

The study was published in the December 1999 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Green Tea - Studies

K.T. Kavanagh, et al (2001). Green tea extracts decrease carcinogen-induced mammary tumor burden in rats and rate of breast cancer cell proliferation in culture. J Cell Biochem, 82:387-398.

S. Pianetti, et al (2002). Green tea polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3 Gallate inhibits Her-2/Neu signaling, proliferation, and transformed phenotype of breast cancer cells. Cancer Research, 62:652-655.

Adachi, K., et al. Potential of host-mediated antitumor activity in mice by beta-glucan obtained from Grifola frondosa (maitake). Chem Pharm Bulletin. 1987; 35:262-270

Agarwal, R., et al. Inhibition of skin tumor promoter-caused induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase in SENCAR mice by polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea and its individual epicatechin derivatives. Cancer Research. 1992; 52:3582-3588

Agarwal, R., et al. Protection against ultraviolet B radiation-induced effects in the skin of SKH-1 hairless mice by a polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea. Photochemistry, Photobiology. 1993; 58:695-700

Agarwal, R., Mukhtar, H. Cancer chemoprevention by polyphenols in green tea and artichoke. Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology. 1996; 401:35-50

Ahmad, N., et al. Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human carcimona cells. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1997; 89:1881-1886

Ahmad, N., et al. Nitric oxide synthase and skin tumor promotion. Biochemical Biophysics Research Community. 1997; 232328-331

Ahmad, N., Mukhtar, H. Green tea polyphenols and cancer: biologic mechanisms and practical implications. Nutrition Reviews. 1999; 57:78-83

Ahn, H.Y., et al. Epigallocathechin-3 gallate selectively inhibits the PDGF-BB-induced intracellular signaling transduction pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits transformation of sis-transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human glioblastoma cells (A172). Molecular Biology of the Cell. 1999; 10:1093-1104

Anonymous. Clinical development plan: tea extracts. Green tea polyphenols. Epigallocatechin gallate. Journal of Cell Biochemistry Supplements. 1996; 26:236-257

Anonymous. Green tea and leukoplakia. The Indian-US head and neck cancer cooperative group. American Journal of Surgery. 1997; 174:552-555

Apostolides, Z., et al. Inhibition of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) mutagenicity by black and green tea extracts and polyphenols. Mutation Research. 1996; 359:159-163

Apostolides, Z., et al. Inhibition of PhIP mutagenicity by catechins, and by theaflavins and gallate esters. Mutat Res. 1997; 389:167-172

Apostolides, Z., Weisburger, J.H. Screening of tea clones for inhibition of PhIP mutagenicity. Mutation Research. 1995; 326:219-225

Araki, R., et al. Chemoprevention of mammary preneoplasia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1995; 768:215-222

Asano, Y., Okamura S et al. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on leukemic blast cells from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Life Science. 1997;60:135-142

Baba, N., et al. Effects of some edible plants on melanin production, immunoglobulin secretion and differentiation of cultured mammalian cell lines. Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science & Technology - Nippon. 1996; 43:622-628

Barthelman, M., et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced AP-1 activity. Carcinogenesis. 1998; 10:2201-2204

Berwick, M., Schantz, S. Chemoprevention of aerodigestive cancer. Cancer & Metastasis Reviews. 1997; 16:329-347

Block, G. Epidemiologic evidence regarding vitamin C and cancer. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1991; 54:1310S-1314S

Blot, W.J., et al. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence and disease specific mortality in the general population. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1993; 85:1483-1492

Blot, W.J., et al. Tea and cancer: a review of the epidemiological evidence. European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 1996; 5:425-438

Bu-Abbas, A., et al. A comparison of the antimutagenic potential of green, black and decaffeinated teas: contribution of flavanols to the antimutagenic effect. Mutagenesis. 1996; 11:597-603

Bu-Abbas, A., et al. Marked antimutagenic potential of aqueous green tea extracts: mechanism of action. Mutagenesis. 1994; 9:325-331

Bu-Abbas, A., et al. Stimulation of rat hepatic UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity following treatment with green tea. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 1995; 33:27-30

Bushman, J.L. Green Tea and Cancer in Humans: A Review of the Literature. Nutrition & Cancer. 1998;31(3):151-159

Cao, J., et al. Chemopreventive effects of green and black tea on pulmonary and hepatic carcinogenesis. Fundamental Applications of Toxicology. 1996; 29:244-250

Carlin, B.I., et al. Green tea polyphenols inhibity growth of prostate cancer xenograft CWR-22 and decrease ornithine decarboxylase activity: implications for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Taken from the Internet, 11/27/96

Challa, A., et al. Interactive suppression of aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane in rat colon by phytic acid and green tea. Carcinogenesis. 1997; 10:2023-2026

Chen, J. The effects of Chinese tea on the occurrence of esophageal tumors induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine in rats. Preventive Medicine. 1992; 21:385-391

Chen, W., et al. Inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced c-fos gene expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in a human keratinocyte cell line. Molecular Carcinogenesis. 1999; 24:79-84

Chen, Z.P., et al. Green tea epigallocatechin gallate shows a pronounced growth inhibitory effect on cancerous cells but not on their normal counterparts. Cancer Letters. 1998; 129:173-179

Cheng, K.K., Day, N.E. Nutrition and oesphageal cancer. Cancer Causes & Control. 1996; 7:33-40

Chow, W., et al. Tea drinking and cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence. Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1999; 220:197

Chung, F.L., et al. Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis by black tea in Fischer rats treated with a tobacco-specific carcinogen: Caffeine as an important constituent. Cancer Research. 1998;58:4096-4101

Chung, J.Y. Inhibition of Activator Protein 1 Activity and Cell Growth by Purified Green Tea and Black Tea Polyphenols in H-ras-transformed Cells: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanisms Involved. Cancer Research. 1999; 59: 4610-4617

Conney, A.H., et al. Inhibitory effect of green and black tea on tumor growth. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1999;220:229-233

Conney, A., et al. Inhibitory effect of green tea on tumorigenesis by chemicals and ultraviolet light. Preventive Medicine. 1992; 21:361-369

Dashwood, R., et al. Cancer chemopreventive mechanisms of tea against heterocyclic amine mutagens from cooked meat. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1999; 220: 239-243

DeJong, U.W., et al. Aetiological factors in oesophageal cancer in Singapore Chinese. International Journal of Cancer. 1974;13:291-303.

Deng, Z.Y., et al. Effect of green tea and black tea on blood glucose, trigycerides, and antioxidants in aged rats. Journal of Agriculture, Food and Chemistry. 1998; 46:3875-3878

Dhar, G.M., et al. Epidemiological trend in the distribution of cancer in Kashmir Valley. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 1993; 47:290-292

Dvorakova, K., et al. Pharmacokinetics of the green tea derivative, EGCG, by the topical route of administration in mouse and human skin. Cancer Chemotherapy & Pharmacology. 1999; 43:331-335

Francheschi, S., et al. Influence of food groups and food diversity on breast cancer risk in Italy. International Journal of Cancer. 1995; 63:785-789

Fujiki, H., et al. Anticarcinogenic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Preventive Medicine. 1992; 21:503-509

Fujiki, H., et al. Cancer inhibition by green tea. Mutation Research. 1998; 402:307-310

Fujiki, H., et al. Japanese green tea as a cancer preventive in humans. Nutrition Reviews. 1996; 54:67-70

Fujiki, H., et al. Mechanistic findings of green tea as cancer preventive for humans. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1999; 220:225-228

Fujiki, H., et al. New antitumor promoters: (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and sarcophytols A and B. Basic Life Science. 1990; 52:205-212

Fujiki, H., et al. A new tumor promotion pathway and its inhibitors. Cancer Detection & Prevention. 1994; 18:1-7

Gao, Y.T., et al. Reduced risk of esophageal cancer associated with green tea consumption. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1994;86:855-858

Gao, F.M., et al. Studies on mechanisms and blockade of carcinogenic action of female sex hormones. Scientific China B. 1994; 37:418-429

Gayathri, D.A., et al. Sensory acceptance of Japanese green tea and soy products is linked to genetic sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil. Nutrition & Cancer. 1997; 29:146-151

Goo, Y.U., et al. Reduced risk of esophageal cancer associated with green tea consumption. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1994; 86(11):855-858

Goto, R., et al. A case control study of cancer of the pancreas. Gan No Rinsho - Japanese Journal of Cancer Clinics. 1990;Spec No;344-350. [In Japanese]

Greenwell, Ivy. Anti-carcinogenic properties of green tea. LE Magazine. 1999

Gupta, S., et al. Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Green Tea. Seminars in Urologic Oncology. 1999;17:70-76

Gupta, S. Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Green Tea: In Vitro and in Vivo Inhibition of Testosterone-mediated Induction of Ornithine Decarboxylase. Cancer Research. 1999;59: 2115-2120

Han, J. Highlights of the cancer chemoprevention studies in China. Preventive Medicine. 1993; 22:712-722

Hankin, J.H., et al. Dietary patterns among men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. Cancer Research. 1975; 35:3259-3264

Hansson, L.E., et al. Diet and risk of gastric cancer. A population based case-control study in Sweden. International Journal of Cancer. 1993;55:181-189

Hara, N., et al. Statistical analyses on the pattern of food consumption and digestive tract cancers in Japan. Nutrition & Cancer. 1984;6:220-228

Hara, Y. Influence of tea catechins on the digestive tract. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 1997; Suppl 27: 52-58

Hayatsu, H., et al. Suppression of genotoxicity of carcinogens by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Preventive Medicine. 1992; 21:370-376

Hibasami, H., et al. Induction of apoptosis in human stomach cancer cells by green tea catechins. Oncology Repetition. 1998; 5:527-529

Hirose, M., et al. Effects of green tea catechins in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. Carcinogenesis. 1993; 14:1549-1553

Hirose, M et al. Inhibition of mammary gland carcinogenesis by green tea catechins and other naturally occurring antioxidants in female Sprague Dawley rats pretreated with MDBA. Cancer Letters. 1994; 83:149-156

Ho, C., et al. Antioxidative effect of polyphenol extract prepared from various Chinese teas. Preventive Medicine. 1992; 21:520-525

Holt, S. Chemoprevention of cancer with green tea. Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 1998; 4:48-52

Holzman, D. Canada promotes research on alternative treatments for breast cancer. Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 1998; 4:8-12

Holzman, D. Green tea mistletoe, and more: Canadians test alternative cancer therapies [news]. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1997; 89:683-684

Hsu, T.C., et al. Exaggerated precocious centromere separation in cells of a human breast cancer line treated with a green tea extract. International Journal of Oncology. 1998; 12:617-620

Hu, G., Chen, J. Inhibition of oncogene expression by green tea and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in mice. Nutrition and Cancer. 1995; 24:203-209

Hu, Z., et al. Mitogenic activity of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on B-cells and investigation of its structure-function relationship. International Journal of Immunopharmacies

Imai, K., et al. Cancer-preventive effects of drinking green tea among a Japanese population. Preventive Medicine. 1997; 26:769-775

Imai, K., et al. Green tea and cancer incidence. Preventive Medicine. 1997; 26:769-775

Inagake, M., et al. Inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhy-drazine-induced oxidative DNA damage by green tea extract in rat. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 1995; 86:1106-1111

Inoue, M., Tajima K, et al. Tea and coffee consumption and the risk of digestive tract cancers: data from a comparative case-referent study in Japan. Cancer Causes Control. 1998;9:209-216

Ito, N., Imaida, K. Strategy of research for cancer-chemoprevention. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, & Mutagenesis. 1992; 12:79-95

Ito, Y., et al. Chromosome aberrations induced by aflatoxin B1 in rat bone marrow cells in vivo and their suppression by green tea. Mutation Research. 1989; 222:253-261

Jain, A.K., et al. Crude tea extracts decrease the mutagenic activity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in vitro and in intragastric tract of rats. Mutation Research. 1989; 210:1-8

Jankun, J., et al. Why drinking green tea could prevent cancer. Nature. 1997; 387:561

Ji, B.T., et al. Green tea consumption and the risk of pancreatic and colorectal cancers. International Journal of Cancer. 1997;70:255-258.

Ji, B.T., et al. The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol, and green tea consumption on the risk of carcinoma of the cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China. Cancer. 1996;77:2449-2457

Kabiev, O.K., Vermenichev, S.M. On the antitumor activity of leukoantocyanidines and catechins. Vopr Onkol. 1966; 12:61-64

Kada, T., et al. Detection and chemical identification of natural bio-antimutagens. A case of the green tea factor. Mutation Research. 1985; 150:127-132

Kaegi, E. Unconventional therapies for cancer: 1. Essiac. The task force on alternative therapies of the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative. [review]. CMAJ. 1998; 158:897-902

Kaegi, E. Unconventional therapies for cancer: 2. Green tea. The task force on alternative therapies of the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative. [review]. CMAJ. 1998; 158:1033-1035

Kahn, S., et al. Enhancement of antioxidant and phase II enzymes by oral feeding of green tea polyphenols in drinking water to SKH-1 hairless mice: Possible role in cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Research. 1992; 52:4050-4052

Kan, H., et al. Effect of green tea polyphenol fraction on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in the rat. Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi. 1996; 63:106-116

Katiyar, S.K., et al. Green tea in chemoprevention of cancer. Comprehensive Therapy. 1992; 18:3-8

Katiyar, S.K., et al. Inhibition of 12-O-tetrade-canoylphorbol-13-acetate-caused tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene-initiated SENCAR mouse skin by a polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea. Cancer Research. 1992; 52:6890-6897

Katiyar, S.K., et al. Inhibition of both stage I and stage II skin tumor promotion in SENCAR mice by a polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea. Inhibition depends on the duration of polyphenol treatment. Carcinogenesis. 1993; 14:2641-2643

Katiyar, S.K., et al. Polyphenolic antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate from green tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin. Photochemical Photobiology. 1999;69:148-153

Katiyar, S.K., et al. Protection against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-caused inflammation in SENCAR mouse ear skin by polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea. Carcinogenesis. 1993; 14:361-365

Katiyar, S.K., et al Protection against induction of mouse skin papillomas with low and high risk of conversion to malignancy by green tea polyphenols. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18(3):497-502

Katiyar, S.K., et al. Protection against malignant conversion of chemically induced benign skin papillomas to squamous cell carcinomas in SENCAR mice by a polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea. Cancer Research. 1993; 53:5409-5412

Katiyar, S.K., et al. Protection against ultra-violet-B radiation-induced local and systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity and edema responses in C3H/HeN mice by green tea polyphenols. Photochemistry & Photobiology. 1995; 62:855-861

Katiyar, S.K., et al. Protective effects of green tea polyphenols administered by oral intubation against chemical carcinogen-induced forestomach and pulmonary neoplasia in A/J mice. Cancer Letter. 1993; 73:167-172

Katiyar, S.K., Mukhtar H. Tea antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Supplement. 1997; 27:59-67

Katiyar, S., et al. Tea in chemoprevention of cancer: Epidemiologic and experimental studies (Review). International Journal of Oncology. 1996;8:221-238

Kato, I., et al. A comparative case-control study of colorectal cancer and adenoma. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 1990;81:1101-1108.

Khafif, A., et al. Green tea regulates cell cycle progression in oral leukoplakia. Head & Neck. 1998; 20:528-534

Khafif, A.; Schantz, S.P., et al. Quantitation of chemopreventive synergism between epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin in normal, premalignant, and malignant oral epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19:419-424

Khan, S.G., et al. Enhancement of antioxidant and phase II enzymes by oral feeding of green tea polyphenols in drinking water to SKH-1 hairless mice. Possible role in cancer chemo-prevention. Cancer Research. 1992; 52:4050-4052

Kinjo, Y., et al. Mortality risks of oesophageal cancer associated with hot tea, alcohol, tobacco and diet in Japan. Journal of Epidemiology. 1998; 8:235-243

Klaunig, J.E. Chemopreventive effects of green tea components on hepatic carcinogenesis. Preventive Medicine. 1992; 21:510-519

Klaunig, J.E., et al. The effect of tea consumption on oxidative stress in smokers and nonsmokers. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine. 1999; 220:249-254

Kohlmeier, L., et al. Tea and cancer prevention: an evaluation of the epidemiologic literature. Nutrition & Cancer. 1997; 27:1-13

Komori, A., Yasunami J, et al. Anticarcinogenic activity of green tea polyphenols. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1993; 23:186-190

Kono, S. Green tea and colon cancer. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 1992; 83:669

Kono, S., et al. A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in northern Kyushu, Japan. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 1988;79:1067-1074

Kono, S., et al. Physical activity, dietary habits and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon: A study of self-defense officials in Japan. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1991;44:1255-1261

Kuroda, Y., Hara, Y. Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of tea polyphenols. Mutation Research. 1999; 436:69-97

Lea, M.A., et al. Inhibitory effects of tea extracts and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on DNA synthesis and proliferation of hepatoma and erythroleukemia cells. Cancer Letter. 1993; 68:231-236

Lean, M.E., et al. Dietary flavonols protect diabetic human lymphocytes against oxidative damage to DNA. Diabetes. 1999; 48:176-181

Lee, H.H., et al. Epidemiologic characteristics and multiple risk factors of stomach cancer in Taiwan. Anticancer Research. 1990; 10:875-881

Lee, I.P., et al. Chemopreventive effects of green tea against cigarette smoke-induced mutations in humans. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 1997; Suppl 27:68-75

Ley, R.D., Reeve, V.E. Chemoprevention of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1997; 4:981-984

Li, N., et al. The chemopreventive effects of tea on human oral precancerous mucosa lesions. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1999; 220:218-224

Liao, S., et al. Growth inhibition and regression of human prostate and breast tumors in athymic mice by tea epigallocatechin gallate. Cancer Research. 1995; 96:239-243

Liao, S., Hipakka, R.A. Selective inhibition of steroid 5-alpha-reductase isozymes by tea epicatechin-3-gallate and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biochemistry & Biophysics Research Community. 1995;214:833-838

Liao, S., Umekita Y et al. Growth inhibition and regression of human prostate and breast tumors in athymic mice by tea epigallocatechin gallate. Cancer Letters. 1995; 96:239-243

Lin, Y.L., Hypolipidemic effect of green tea leaves through induction of antioxidant and phase II enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase in rats. Journal of Agriculture, Food, and Chemistry. 1998; 46:1893-1899

Liu, L., Castonguay, A. Inhibition of the metabolism and genotoxicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in rat hepatocytes by (+)-catechin. Carcinogenesis. 1991; 12:1203-1208

Liu, X.L. Genotoxicity of fried fish extract, McIQ and inhibition by green tea antioxidant. Chung Hua Chung Liu Tsa Chih. 1990; 12:170-173

Lu, L.H. et al. Epigallocatechin suppression of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells: correlation with c-jun and JNK. British Journal of Pharmacology. 1998;124:1227-1237

Luo, D., Li, Y. Preventive effect of green tea on MMNG-induced lung cancers and precancerous lesions in LACA mice. Journal of West China University Medical Sciences. 1992; 23:433-437

Luo, S.Q., et al. Inhibitory effect of green tea extract on the carcinogenesis induced by asbestos plus benzo(a)pyrene in rat. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. 1995; 8:54-58

Malaveille, C., et al. Dietary phenolics as anti-mutagens and inhibitors of tobacco-related DNA adduction in the urothelium of smokers. Carcinogenesis. 1996; 17:2193-2200

Mathe, G. Red wine, green tea and vitamins: do their antioxidants play a role in immunologica protection against cancer or even AIDS? [editorial]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 1999; 53:165-167

Matsumoto, H., et al. Inhibition of mucosal lipid hyperoxidation by green tea extract in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colonic carcinogenesis. Cancer Letter. 1996; 104:205-209

Matsumoto, N., et al. Inhibitory effects of tea on catechins, black tea extract and oolong tea extract on hepatocarcinogenesis in rat. Japan Journal of Cancer Research. 1996; 87:1034-1038

Matsuzaki, T., Hara, Y. Antioxidative activity of tea leaf catechins. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi. 1985; (59)129-134

McCarty, M.F. Natural antimutagenic agents may prolong efficacy of human immunodeficiency virus drug therapy. Medical Hypotheses. 1997; 48:215-220

McCarty, M.F. Polyphenol-mediated inhibition of AP-1 transactivating activity may slow cancer growth by impeding angiogenesis and tumor invasiveness. Medical Hypotheses. 1998; 50:511-514

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Miyagawa, C., et al. Protective effect of green tea extract and tea polyphenols against the cytotoxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes. Biosciene Biotechnology Biochemistry. 1997; 61:1901-1905

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Mukhtar, H., Agarwal, R. Skin cancer chemoprevention. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1996; 1:209-214

Mukhtar, H., Ahmad, N. Mechanism of cancer chemopreventive activity of green tea. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1999; 220: 234-238

Mukhtar, H., Ahmad, N. Mechanism of cancer chemopreventive activity of green tea. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine. 1999; 220:225-228

Mukhtar, H., et al. Cancer chemoprevention by green tea components. [review]. Advanced Experimental Medical Biology. 1994; 354:123-134

Mukhtar, H., et al. Green tea and skin-anticarcinogenic. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1994; 102:3-7

Mukhtar, H., et al. Tea components. Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects. Preventive Medicine. 1992; 21:351-360

Muir, M. Green tea time: does it help prevent cancer? Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 1998; 4:43-47

Murray, M. Fighting cancer with a cup, or more, of green tea. Better Nutrition. Jan. 1998

Myers, C.E. Differentiating agents and nontoxic therapies. Urologic Clinics of North America. 1999; 26:341-351

Naasani, I., et al. Telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening, and senescence of cancer cells by tea catechins. Biochemistry & Biophysics Research Community. 1998; 249:391-396

Nagata, C., et al. Associations of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intakes with serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal Japanese women. Nutrition & Cancer. 1998; 30:21-24

Nakachi, K., Suemasu, K., et al. Influence of drinking green tea on breast cancer malignancy among Japanese patients. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 1998;89:254-261

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Sun CL, Yuan JM, Lee MJ, Yang CS, Gao YT, Ross RK, Yu MC. Urinary tea polyphenols in relation to gastric and esophageal cancers: a prospective study of men in shanghai, china. Carcin 2002; 23 (9): 1497-1503

Narisawa, T., Fukaura, Y. A very low dose of green tea polyphenols in drinking water prevents N-menthyl-N-nitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 1993; 84:1007-1009

Oguni, I., et al. Epidemiological and experimental studies on the antitumor activity by green tea extracts. Japan Journal of Nutrition. 1989; 47:93-102

Oguni, I., et al. Protection against cancer risk by Japanese green tea. Preventive Medicine. 1992; 21:332

Oguri, A., et al. Inhibitory effects of antioxidants on formation of heterocyclic amines. Mutation Research. 1998; 402:237-245

Ohno, Y., et al. Case-control study of urinary bladder cancer in metropolitan Nagoya. National Cancer Institute Monographs. 1985; 69:229-234

Ohno, Y., et al. Tea consumption and lung cancer risk: a case-control study in Okinawa, Japan. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 1995; 86:1027-1034

Okabe, S., et al. Mechanisms of growth inhibition of human lung cancer cell line, PC-9, by tea polyphenols. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 1997; 88:639-643

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