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FlavonoidsTo date, over 5000 different flavonoid compounds have been identified from dietary sources. Importantly for anti aging viewpoint, these compounds have shown powerflul antioxidant protection against oxidative and free radical damage to the cells. Good dietary sources of these compounds include all citrus fruits, berries, onions, parsley, legumes, green tea, red wine, seabuckthorn, and dark chocolate with high cocoa solids content. Citrus bioflavonoids, from citrus fruits, include hesperidin, quercetin, rutin (a glycoside of quercetin), and tangeritin, and are some of the most potent in terms of enhancing health and for prevention of certain illnesses and conditions. Of the citrus flavonoids, rutin and hesperidin have shown beneficial effects on capillary permeability and blood flow, and quercetin has shown anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory benefits. Other very promising health enhancing flavonoids include catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG), all found in green tea. There is also suggestions that the combinations of flavonoids and other polyphenols, mainly resverathol, produce the health benefits associated with drinking moderate amounts of red wine. Flavonoids - StudiesJames A. Kennedy, Mark A. Matthews, and Andrew L. Waterhouse, Effect of Maturity and Vine Water Status on Grape Skin and Wine Flavonoids Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 53:4:268-274 (2002). Spedding, G., Ratty, A., Middleton, E. Jr. (1989) Inhibition of reverse transcriptases by flavonoids. Antiviral Res 12 (2), 99-110. Hwang EI, Kaneko M, Ohnishi Y, Horinouchi S. Production of plant-specific flavanones by Escherichia coli containing an artificial gene cluster. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 May;69(5):2699-706. Flavonoids inhibit platelet function through binding to the thromboxane A2 receptor. J Thromb Haemost. 2005 Feb;3(2):369-76. Review: dietary flavonoids and cancer risk: evidence from human population studies. Nutr Cancer. 2004;50(1):1-7. Neuhouser ML. Vasorelaxing effects of flavonoids: investigation on the possible involvement of potassium channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;370(4):290-8. Licorice Flavonoids Suppress Abdominal Fat Accumulation and Increase in Blood Glucose Level in Obese Diabetic KK-A(y) Mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Nov;27(11):1775-8. The flavones luteolin and apigenin inhibit in vitro antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma production by murine and human autoimmune T cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Aug 15;68(4):621-9. [Flavonoids: risks or therapeutic opportunities?] Recenti Prog Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;95(7-8):345-51. Antioxidant properties of raw and processed cabbages. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2004 May;55(3):191-9. Vasorelaxing effects of flavonoids: investigation on the possible involvement of potassium channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;370(4):290-8. Flavonoids such as luteolin, fisetin and apigenin are inhibitors of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 production by activated human basophils. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Jun;134(2):135-40. Effects of flavonoids on the resistance of microsomes to lipid peroxidation in vitro and ex vivo. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003 Dec;136(6):572-5. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dietary flavonoids in humans. Free Radic Res. 2004 Aug;38(8):771-85. Comprehensive study on vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of various polyphenolics in scavenging a free radical and its structural relationship. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2004;44(4):253-73. Flavonoids of St. John's Wort Reduce HPA Axis Function in the Rat. Planta Med. 2004 Oct;70(10):1008-11. Vasorelaxing effects of flavonoids: investigation on the possible involvement of potassium channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Sep 17.
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