Carnosine

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) has been found in studies to have anti-oxidant properties and to extend cultured human fibroblast life-span.

In studies the compound has been found to have anti aging features ranging from killing transformed cells, protecting cells against aldehydes and an amyloid peptide fragment and inhibits, in vitro, protein glycation (formation of cross-links, carbonyl groups and AGEs) and DNA/protein cross-linking.

The compound has also been found to be an aldehyde scavenger, a likely lipofuscin (age pigment) precursor and possible modulator of diabetic complications, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.

The compound itself is composed of the amino acids histidine and alanine, and is naturally produced in the body by the enzyme carnosine synthetase.

Muscle levels of carnosine correlate with the maximum life spans of animals.

Also, Carnosine levels decline with age.

According to research, muscle levels decline 63% from age 10 to age 70, which may account for the normal age-related decline in muscle mass and function.

Carnosine - Studies

Hipkiss AR. Carnosine, a protective, anti-ageing peptide? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1998, 30(8):863-8.

Hipkiss AR, Brownson C. A possible new role for the anti-ageing peptide carnosine. Cell Mol Life Sci 2000, 57(5):747-53.

Hipkiss AR, Brownson C. Carnosine reacts with protein carbonyl groups: another possible role for the anti-ageing peptide? Biogerontology 2000, 1(3):217-23.

Hipkiss AR, Brownson C, Carrier MJ. Carnosine, the anti-ageing, anti-oxidant dipeptide, may react with protein carbonyl groups. Mech Ageing Dev 2001, 122(13):1431-45.

Carnosine as a protective factor in diabetic nephropathy: association with a leucine repeat of the carnosinase gene CNDP1. Diabetes. 2005 Aug;54(8):2320-7.

Glycation, ageing and carnosine: Are carnivorous diets beneficial? Mech Ageing Dev. 2005 Oct;126(10):1034-9.

Is carnosine a naturally occurring suppressor of oxidative damage in olfactory neurones? Rejuvenation Res. 2004 Winter;7(4):253-5.

Anti-crosslinking properties of carnosine: significance of histidine. Life Sci. 2004 Jul 30;75(11):1379-89.

Use of carnosine as a natural anti-senescence drug for human beings. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2000 Jul;65(7):869-71.

l Carnosine reduces telomere damage and shortening rate in cultured normal fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Nov 12;324(2):931-6.

Dietary supplementation of L-carnosine prevents ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Feb;28(2):361-3.

Dose-dependent effects of L carnosine on the renal sympathetic nerve and blood pressure in urethane-anesthetized rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Oct 21.

Influence of carnosine on the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin in rabbits. Pol J Pharmacol. 2003 Nov-Dec;55(6):1079-87.

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